Los Alamos · 1955

Fermi–Pasta–Ulam–Tsingou

A chain of masses joined by springs, plucked into its slowest mode. With linear springs the energy stays put. Add a little nonlinearity and it should spread evenly across all modes — yet instead it wanders and then almost perfectly returns. Pick a force law and watch.

Force law  ·  spring force vs. stretch δ
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Simulation
time t 0
nonlinearlinear
−1+1displacement